Extreme weather events, from hail storms to flooding, are becoming more common. So, how durable are solar panels? Manufacturers design them to withstand harsh conditions, but not all panels are created equal. Understanding solar panel durability helps you choose and maintain the right system for your home.
“We have a choice to build solar systems that can provide reliable electricity even when we have extreme weather damaging the grid,” said Dirk Jordan, senior reliability engineer for the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). “Certifications, including education and utilizing the best practices for regional extreme weather, will pay for themselves with cost-saving electricity."
Solar panel longevity encompasses weather resistance, mechanical strength, equipment longevity, reliability, resistance to degradation, equipment warranties, and certifications.
The GreenLancer team has more than a decade of experience with solar panel durability. If you have an existing solar system and need solar repairs or an inspection, contact us today.
Solar Panel Durability Varies by Type
There are many types of PV modules used for residential and commercial solar power projects.
Monocrystalline solar panels are made from a single silicon crystal, giving them a sleek black look. They’re known for high efficiency and strong solar panel durability, often lasting longer than polycrystalline panels. Their uniform structure makes them more resistant to wear, stress, and weather-related damage, helping them maintain performance for decades.
Polycrystalline solar panels are made from multiple silicon crystals, giving them a blue look. They are typically less efficient and have lower durability of solar panels compared to monocrystalline options, but they are often more affordable. Because they are produced by melting silicon fragments together, they may generate less energy over time. However, for homeowners looking for a budget-friendly solar solution, they can still be a reliable choice.
Thin-film solar panels are created by layering semiconductor material onto surfaces like glass or metal. They are known for their flexibility, lightweight design, and even semi-transparent options, making them ideal for certain applications. While they are usually less efficient than crystalline panels, they perform well in low-light conditions and high temperatures. However, their solar panel durability is typically lower than that of monocrystalline panels, meaning they may not last as long. This makes them a less durable choice for homeowners looking for long-term energy production.
Building-integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) blend solar technology with building materials like solar roof tiles or transparent solar windows. They both generate renewable energy and function as part of the building’s structure. The durability of solar panels in BIPV systems depends on the specific materials and how they are used. While some BIPV options offer long-lasting performance, others may have shorter lifespans compared to traditional solar panels.
Bifacial solar panels can capture sunlight from both the front and back, using reflected light from surfaces below to boost energy production. This means they can generate more power than traditional panels, especially if installed over bright surfaces like white roofs or light-colored pavement. While they are known for high efficiency, the durability of solar panels like these depends on factors such as weather conditions and proper installation.
How Materials Impact the Durability of Solar Panels
If you're thinking about installing solar panels on your home, you might be wondering: How durable are solar panels? Modern solar panels are built to last, with several key components designed to withstand the elements and keep your system running efficiently for decades.
Solar panels commonly consist of the following:
Photovoltaic cells are the heart of the panel, converting sunlight into electricity. These cells, usually made of silicon, are carefully protected to ensure long-term performance.
Encapsulation layers add a protective seal around the cells, preventing moisture from getting inside. This helps improve solar panel durability and keeps them working reliably in different weather conditions.
The backsheet is a key protective layer that insulates the electrical components while blocking moisture, humidity, and UV rays—factors that can impact solar panels’ durability over time.
The frame, typically aluminum, gives the panel its strength and structure. It protects against physical stress and secures the panel to the racking system, ensuring stability in high winds and heavy snow.
Tempered glass covers the front of the panel, acting as a shield against hail, wind-blown debris, and other weather hazards. This tough glass enhances solar panel durability while allowing sunlight to reach the cells efficiently.
What Makes Solar Panels Durable?
High-quality solar panels are built to last, thanks to materials and design features that protect them from extreme weather.
Encapsulation, the backsheet, and tempered glass work together to shield the internal components from moisture, humidity, and UV radiation—factors that can cause long-term wear.
A sturdy aluminum or steel frame adds structural strength, helping panels withstand high winds and heavy snow loads.
The tempered glass cover protects against hail, wind-blown debris, and other weather-related impacts, ensuring reliable performance over the years.
With these features, solar panel durability is a key strength, allowing most panels to function efficiently for 25+ years, even in tough conditions.
Solar Panel Durability & Output in Hot Weather
When temperatures rise, solar panel durability and energy output can be affected. Heat causes solar panels to lose efficiency, meaning they produce less electricity as temperatures climb. This happens because high temperatures impact the semiconductor materials inside the photovoltaic cells, which can influence both short-term performance and long-term reliability.
The temperature coefficient measures how much a panel’s power output decreases as temperatures go above 77°F (25°C). Most solar panels have a temperature coefficient between -0.2% and -0.5% per degree Celsius, meaning their efficiency drops slightly with each degree of added heat.
Different types of panels handle heat differently:
Thin-film solar panels tend to perform best in hot weather due to their lower temperature coefficient.
Monocrystalline panels generally handle heat better than polycrystalline panels, making them a good choice for high-temperature areas.
Over time, prolonged exposure to high heat can affect a solar panel's durability. Extreme temperatures cause materials inside the panel to expand and contract, which can lead to wear on soldered connections and other internal parts. This thermal stress may contribute to solar panel degradation and impact the system’s lifespan. Choosing high-quality panels designed for heat resistance can help maintain efficiency and durability over the long run.
How Durable are Solar Panels in Extreme Weather
Are solar panels durable enough to handle harsh weather? In most cases, yes. Solar panel durability is tested to withstand extreme conditions, but factors like dirt buildup, heavy rain, snow, and strong winds can impact performance.
Proper installation and maintenance help ensure your system lasts for decades. If you're comparing panel brands, the PVEL PV Module Reliability Scorecard is a great resource for evaluating long-term performance.
Dirt & Debris Solar Panels
Dust, dirt, and other particles can block sunlight, reducing how much electricity your panels generate. This issue is more common in dry, dusty areas or near industrial sites. Over time, soiling can lead to hot spots, which can damage solar cells and affect overall solar panel durability.
Regular cleaning keeps your system running efficiently. Use soft brushes and non-abrasive cleaning solutions to remove buildup without scratching the glass. Safe cleaning techniques protect solar panels' durability and extend their lifespan.
Rain and Solar Panel Durability
Rain may temporarily reduce energy production, but it also helps solar panels' durability by washing away dirt and dust. A well-designed system is built to withstand heavy rainfall, but solar inverters can be sensitive to lightning. Using a surge protector and ensuring proper shelter for your inverter can help maintain solar system durability in storm-prone areas.
Snow on Solar Panels
Snow buildup on solar panels can reduce efficiency by blocking sunlight from reaching the photovoltaic cells. In areas with heavy snowfall, solar panels are typically installed at an angle to help snow slide off more easily. Fortunately, PV modules are built to be strong and can handle significant snow loads, following local building codes and durability standards.
In some cases, clearing snow may be necessary to maintain peak energy production. Be careful to avoid scratching the surface, as damage can impact solar panel durability over time. Using a soft brush or a solar-specific snow removal tool is the safest approach. If you need to clear panels on the roof, take extra precautions to prevent slipping, especially in icy conditions.
Hurricanes & Solar Panels in High Winds
Modern solar panels are durable and designed to handle extreme weather, including strong winds and hurricanes. They undergo rigorous testing under standards like IEC 61215, which evaluates their ability to withstand high wind pressures. Panels that meet these standards are built to endure severe storms without damage.
In regions prone to hurricanes, solar permitting often requires compliance with wind resistance standards. These regulations ensure solar panel durability and system safety based on local climate risks. Requirements can vary, so working with an experienced team is key to meeting all necessary guidelines.
If your solar system isn’t working properly, GreenLancer can help. Whether your inverter is down, your panels aren’t producing as expected, or you need an inspection for insurance or resale purposes, our team connects you with professional solar repair and inspection services—available nationwide.
Flood-Prone Areas & Solar Panel Durability
Proper conduit routing and electrical installation are critical to ensure the safety and performance of solar panel systems in areas prone to flooding. Electrical components and connections can be designed to be waterproof or housed in weatherproof enclosures. Conduit routing is carefully planned to avoid flood-prone areas, and if necessary, additional measures such as elevated mounting or flood barriers may be implemented. It is important to adhere to local building codes and regulations specific to solar panel installations in flood-prone areas to ensure longevity and safe operations.
Inspecting Panels After A Severe Storm
Severe weather can take a toll on your home, and your solar panels are no exception. If you’ve recently experienced a storm, high winds, or hail, it’s important to check your system for damage—but safety comes first.
Stay Safe Before Inspecting
Before looking at your solar panels, check for any hazards like downed power lines or debris. Never climb onto your roof if it’s wet, icy, or unstable. If you suspect damage but can’t safely inspect it from the ground, contact a professional.
Signs of Solar Panel Damage
From the ground, look for visible issues like:
✅ Cracked or shattered glass
✅ Bent or damaged panel frames
✅ Loose or missing panels
✅ Debris, such as fallen branches on the array
If you notice damage, do not attempt to fix it yourself. Shut down your system if possible and call a professional.
Need a Solar Inspection or Repairs?
GreenLancer connects homeowners with trusted solar repair and inspection services nationwide. If your system isn’t performing as expected or you need an expert assessment after a storm, we’re here to help.
Frequently Asked Questions On Solar Panel Durability
Solar panels are built to handle tough weather conditions, but you might have questions about how they hold up over time. Here are some common concerns:
Are there solar panel warranties that cover extreme weather damage?
Most solar panel warranties cover manufacturing defects and long-term performance, but not damage from extreme weather like hail or hurricanes. Since these are outside the manufacturer’s control, they typically fall under homeowners' insurance instead.
If you're concerned about protection, check both your solar panel warranty and your homeowner's insurance policy. Many insurance plans include coverage for weather-related damage to solar panels, but it’s always best to confirm with your provider.
What are the most durable solar panels for hot climates?
For hot climates, solar panels' durability depends on their ability to maintain efficiency in high temperatures. Panels with a low temperature coefficient perform best, as they lose less efficiency when exposed to heat.
Monocrystalline panels generally handle heat better than polycrystalline ones due to their single-crystal structure. Thin-film panels also perform well in high temperatures, and bifacial panels—designed to capture sunlight from both sides—can be an effective option. Choosing panels with a low temperature coefficient helps ensure strong performance in hot conditions.
Are solar panels weather-resistant?
Solar panels are designed to be weather-resistant and built to withstand a variety of weather conditions, including rain, snow, hail, and high winds. The durability of solar panels is possible through the use of materials such as tempered glass and robust frames, which provide essential protection for the solar cells against damage. However, proper installation is critical for ensuring their resilience to weather elements, allowing them to perform effectively in diverse climates and environments.
Can system maintenance boost solar panel durability?
Yes, regular maintenance can help extend the solar panels' durability and prevent weather-related damage. Depending on your roof type and comfort level, you may need a professional to handle some tasks safely.
Inspect your solar panels for visible damage like cracks, chips, or loose connections. Check the racking and wiring for any signs of wear.
Clear away debris such as leaves, dirt, or branches. A buildup can block sunlight and potentially cause damage over time.
Trim nearby trees to prevent falling branches and reduce excessive shading that could impact performance.
Check your roof and mounting system for loose shingles, flashing issues, or deteriorating mounts. Addressing problems early can prevent leaks or structural damage.
Monitor system output using your solar monitoring system. Watch for sudden drops in production and check inverter readings to catch potential issues early.
Is there durability test data for solar panels?
The PVEL Solar Module Scorecard is a reputable source that evaluates solar panel durability, among other performance metrics. It typically includes data on reliability, performance, and other important aspects of solar panels based on extensive testing.
How much wind can solar panels withstand?
Most solar panels are built to handle wind speeds between 90 and 120 mph (145–193 km/h), depending on the manufacturer and installation. The solar panel durability in strong winds also depends on proper mounting and racking. A well-installed system ensures panels stay secure, even in extreme weather conditions.
How durable are solar panels?
Solar panels are built for long-term use, with durable glass protecting them from the elements. Encapsulation materials shield the photovoltaic cells, while the backsheet adds another layer of protection. High-quality panels are designed to withstand extreme weather, temperature changes, and UV exposure.
Solar Panels Are Durable and Built For Extreme Weather
The durability of solar panels allows them to handle extreme weather, and adding battery storage can help keep power running during outages. After Hurricane Maria, tens of thousands of solar systems with batteries were installed in Puerto Rico, proving how resilient solar can be in tough conditions.
A well-designed solar system improves durability with strong mounting, weather-resistant materials, and monitoring systems that detect issues early. These features help solar panels stay secure and perform efficiently even in harsh weather.
If your solar system needs an inspection or repairs after severe weather, GreenLancer connects you with professionals nationwide for system checks and service.